Art-+Architecture+of+the+1930s

Urban Architecture: The Skyscraper in the 1930s
//William LeBaron Jenney and the Home Insurance Building:// //Louis Sullivan and the Wainwright Building:// //Lightness and Clarity of Form:// //Traditional Phase Characteristics:// //Modern Phase Characteristics:// //Building Ordinances and Setbacks:// //Chicago Tribune Tower:// //Howells and Hood:// //Art Deco:// //The Empire State Building// //Skyscrapers represented://
 * 350 5th Avenue
 * Shreve, Lamb, and Harmon, Architectural Firm
 * Gregory Johnson, Chief Architect
 * Homer Gage Balcom, Structural Engineer
 * Reynolds Building -- Winston-Salem, NC
 * On site of former Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
 * 102 stories, 1239 feet (plus 203 feet for pillar)
 * Completed in 1931
 * Chrysler Building to Empire State Building to North Tower of the World Trade Center
 * Indiana Limestone, Granite, Aluminum, and Chrome
 * Steel Frame = Windows
 * Setbacks provided a lower center of gravity, added to visual height, and allowed more light through to street level.
 * Building rate: 4 and 1/2 stories per week; 1 year and 45 days total
 * Lewis Hines and //Men at Work// photo series
 * 3400 people employed at height of construction
 * John Jacob Raskob financed the construction for $25,000,000
 * Occupancy problems due to speculative nature of investment and transportation limitations
 * Became profitable only after World War II
 * Officially opened on May 1, 1931 -- Herbert Hoover turned on the buildings lights from his desk in Washington D.C.
 * Optimism and a return to prosperity for the American people
 * Symbols of continued power in the world.

WPA Public Architecture in the 1930s (Including the Hoover Dam) (TW)
//﻿// //The Hoover Dam://
 * Works Progess Administation was founded in 1935.
 * The WPA was responsible for providing employment to millions of people.
 * The Hoover Dam was the largest in the world.
 * Height of 726.4
 * 1st concrete was placed in June 1933.
 * Last was placed in May 1935.
 * Took over four million slabs of concrete.
 * Gordan Kaufmann was responsible was its construction and design.
 * Planning began in 1922.
 * Contruction was planned to begin in 1930.
 * Was ready to begin in 1932.
 * Workers had homes set up near the dam.
 * These homes decrease the number of homeless people.
 * The dam started under tge presidency of Herbert Hoover.
 * It was finished in 1936 with FDR as president.
 * Was 1st called Boulder Canyon Project.
 * Was given the name Hoover Dam to honor the president.
 * FDR changed it to Boulder Dam during the 1930s.
 * Congress changed it back to The Hoover Dam in 1947.

Domestic Architecture in the 1930s (Including //Fallingwater// and //Winona//) (TW)

 * //__Sample Questions:__//**
 * 1) The //Empire State Building// exemplifies an historic style known as (Blank).
 * 2) The essential form of the //Empire State Building// is described as (Blank).
 * 3) Hoover Dam was initially called the Boulder Canyon Project because it was (Blank).
 * 4) A major artistic goal of the architects of the 1880s skyscrapers was to create a(n) (Blank).
 * 5) Of a low-pitched roof, timber framing//,// a covered front porch, a horizontal design, and built-in furnishings, only (Blank) was NOT a visible feature of the //Winona// that identified it as a bungalow.
 * 6) The skyscrapers built in New York in the 1930s were important symbols of (Blank).
 * 7) The most innovative feature of //Fallingwater// is its (Blank).
 * 8) Frank Lloyd Wright's style in his early work is best described as (Blank).
 * 9) (Blank) was the engineer who helped Gregory Johnson with the design of the //Empire State Building//.
 * 10) (Blank) was the price range of the //Winona// in the 1930s.
 * 11) In //Fallingwater//, the study is found on the (Blank), the living room on the (Blank), the dining room on the (Blank), the bedroom on the (Blank), and the sleeping alcove on the (Blank).
 * 12) The (Blank) and the (Blank) were early skyscrapers designed by Louis Sullivan.
 * 13) (Blank) designed the aesthetics of the //Hoover Dam//.
 * 14) Skyscrapers of the 1930s served as (Blank - identify all the purposes served, both actual and symbolic).